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Растворљивост Растворљивост у води Референце Литература Мени за навигацију10.1351/goldbookEntry: Solubilityпроширитиу4114435-1

РаствориФизичке величине


супстанцерастварачуводаполарностиводонична везаРастворравнотежипроизвода растворљивостиелементиплеменити металиплатиназлатосребросупстанце










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Растворљивост




Из Википедије, слободне енциклопедије






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Растварање NaCl у води


Растворљивост је особина супстанце која се може растворити у одређеном растварачу под одређеним условима. Интеракција између молекула растварача и супстанце која се раствара назива се солватација (ако је растварач вода - хидратација).[1][2]


Растворљивост супстанце се објашњава помоћу поларности. Код растварања важи емпиријско правило: Слично се раствара у сличном. Поларне супстанце (нпр. HCl) и јонска једињења се добро растварају у поларним растварачима (нпр. вода), а неполарне у неполарним. Пример може бити растварање јода (неполарна супстанца) у хлороформу (CHCl3, неполарни органски растварач). Обично се за пример растварања неполарних супстанци узима растворљивост органских једињења у органским растварачима. Код растворљивости важну улогу има и водонична веза.


Раствор који се налази у равнотежи и не може растворити више супстанце назива се засићени раствор.
За тешко растворљиве супстанце растворљивост се може процијенити на основу вриједности производа растворљивости.


Многи елементи су растворљиви (у различитим количинама) али има и оних који уопште немају ову особину. Такви су, на пример, племенити метали (платина, злато, сребро, ...)



Растворљивост у води


Способност супстанце да се раствара у води градећи хомогену смешу назива се хидратација.




























Врста везеРастворљивост супстанце у водиПример
јонскауглавном растворљивевиди испод
металнанерастворивеFe
осим ако реагују са водомK
поларна ковалентнарастворљиве ако граде водоничну везуглукоза
растворљиве ако реагују са водомHCl
иначе нерастворљивеетер
неполарна ковалентнауглавном нерастворљивебензен
неке слабо растворљивеO2
ковалентна у кристалунарастворљиведијамант


Референце




  1. ^ Clugston M. and Fleming R. (2000). Advanced Chemistry (1st изд.). Oxford: Oxford Publishing. стр. 108. 


  2. ^ IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997). XML on-line corrected version: http://goldbook.iupac.org (2006-) created by M. Nic, J. Jirat, B. Kosata; updates compiled by A. Jenkins. ISBN 978-0-9678550-9-7. doi:10.1351/goldbook. Entry: Solubility.




Литература



  • Clugston M. and Fleming R. (2000). Advanced Chemistry (1st изд.). Oxford: Oxford Publishing. стр. 108. 










Преузето из „https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Растворљивост&oldid=20749042”










Мени за навигацију



























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